Reaction to Chapter 12

     Chapter 12 was about the evolution of humans and culture. It firstly explained the history of culture. According to the author, it is possible to divide the history of culture into 5 periods, such as lonely planet period and ice and fire period. The author claims that cultural and human evolution is essential, and anybody can stop it from happening. It finally mentions the culture in the future.

     I think it was one of the most interesting chapters among all. It helped me think of culture in the larger context. I re-convinced that culture that we have now is formulated quite recently, considering the long history of the earth.

     I totally agree with the idea of the author in page 476 to 477. “We have more or less global marketplaces, --- (abbreviation), we do not live in a global village. Among groups there is connection of inventions but separation of loyalties.” I totally agree with the idea (pp 476).” It makes people think “we are good, but they are bad (pp 477),” which is the cause of conflicts between people. I believe one of the solutions for this is the interaction among people from different backgrounds. It enables people to notice the fact that we are all same human beings.